For the forced oil circulation air-cooled transformer, the upper oil temperature is 75℃ with a temperature rise of 35℃. For the oil-immersed natural circulation, self-cooling, and air-cooling transformer, the upper oil temperature generally should not frequently exceed 85℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 95℃. The temperature rise should not exceed 55℃. If during operation it is found that one of the limits exceeds the specified value, it should be immediately reported to the dispatching center and measures to limit the load should be taken.

(1) Performing live oil filtration or oil addition; (2) Conducting inspection and testing of gas relays and working on their protection circuits or experiencing DC grounding; (3) Handling defects and replacing submersible pumps in the oil circulation system of the oil circuit; (4) Opening relevant venting and oil discharge plugs to investigate the cause of abnormal oil level rise.

Question: What are the common problems that transmission towers often encounter during use? I'm referring to structural issues, such as the failure of certain components. Additionally, for tall towers with long spans, is there a widespread phenomenon of component fatigue failure in the parts where the conductors are supported? I mean the fatigue failure caused by vibrations resulting from conductor swaying. The reason I brought this up is because I read a paper last year which stated that there were many cases of conductor support limbs failing in long-span transmission towers in North America. However, such content is rarely covered in domestic literature, and I haven't found it yet. Viewpoint 1: In actual engineering, what is frequently seen is the collapse accidents caused by fatigue failure.

The box-type substation is composed of high-voltage distribution equipment, power transformers, and low-voltage distribution equipment. It is installed in a metal box, with each of the three parts occupying a separate space and isolated from each other. The box-type substation is a relatively new type of equipment. It has evolved from the initially simpler equipment to the current more complete and reliable equipment. It has the following advantages: (1) It has a small floor area, making it convenient for land acquisition, and can be installed in areas with high urban load density, rural areas, residential communities, etc., facilitating the extension of high-voltage lines and reducing the power supply radius of low-voltage lines, as well as lowering line losses. (2) It reduces the cost of civil construction foundations and can be used for construction.

(1) The ground where the box-type substation is placed should be chosen at a higher position and not at a low-lying area to prevent water from flowing into the box and affecting the operation of the equipment. When pouring the concrete platform, there should be a gap between the high and low voltage sides to facilitate the laying of the cable inlet and outlet. When excavating the foundation, if there is a ground composed of garbage or rotten soil, it must be dug down to the solid soil, then backfilled with good soil and compacted, and then filled with tri-component soil or road slag to ensure the stability of the foundation. (2) The grounding and neutral line of the box-type substation share the same grounding grid. The grounding grid is generally made by driving grounding stakes at the four corners of the foundation and then connecting them together. The box-type substation and the grounding grid must have two reliable connections. The box-type substation